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Disease Profile
Tourette syndrome
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
#N/A
Age of onset
#N/A
ICD-10
#N/A
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Tourette disorder; Tourette's syndrome; Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome
Categories
Nervous System Diseases
Summary
Tourette syndrome is a complex neurological disorder that is characterized by repetitive, sudden, uncontrolled (involuntary) movements and sounds (vocalizations) called tics.[1][2] Tourette
Symptoms
The repetitive, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics are classified as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups. Some of the more common simple tics include eye blinking and other eye movements, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocalizations might include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing/snorting, grunting, or barking sounds.[2]
Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups. Complex motor tics might include facial grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug. Other complex motor tics may actually appear purposeful, including sniffing or touching objects, hopping, jumping, bending, or twisting. Complex vocal tics include words or phrases. Perhaps the most dramatic and disabling tics include motor movements that result in self-harm such as punching oneself in the face or vocal tics including coprolalia (uttering swear words) or echolalia (repeating the words or phrases of others). Some tics are preceded by an urge or sensation in the affected muscle group, commonly called a premonitory urge. Some individuals with Tourette syndrome will describe a need to complete a tic in a certain way or a certain number of times in order to relieve the urge or decrease the sensation.[2]
Tics are often worse with excitement or anxiety and better during calm, focused activities. Certain physical experiences can trigger or worsen tics, for example tight collars may trigger neck tics, or hearing another person sniff or throat-clear may trigger similar sounds. Tics do not go away during sleep but are often significantly diminished.[2]
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
Aggressive behavior |
Aggression
Aggressive behaviour
Aggressiveness
[ more ] |
0000718 |
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder |
Attention deficit
Attention deficit disorder
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficits
Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
[ more ] |
0007018 |
0000006 | ||
Echolalia |
Echoing another person's speech
|
0010529 |
Motor tics | 0100034 | |
Obsessive-compulsive behavior |
Obsessive compulsive behavior
|
0000722 |
Phonic tics | 0100035 | |
Self-mutilation |
Deliberate self-harm
Self mutilation
[ more ] |
0000742 |
Sleep disturbance |
Difficulty sleeping
Trouble sleeping
[ more ] |
0002360 |
Cause
In 2005, scientists discovered the first
Treatment
Effective medications are also available to treat some of the associated neurobehavioral disorders that can occur in patients with Tourette syndrome. Recent research shows that stimulant medications such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine can lessen ADHD symptoms in people with Tourette syndrome without causing tics to become more severe. However, the product labeling for stimulants currently contraindicates the use of these drugs in children with tics/Tourette syndrome and those with a
For obsessive-compulsive symptoms that significantly disrupt daily functioning, the serotonin reuptake inhibitors (clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline) have been proven effective in some individuals.[2]
Behavioral treatment such as awareness training and competing response training can also be used to reduce tics.[2][7] Psychotherapy may be helpful as well. It can help with accompanying problems, such as ADHD, obsessions, depression and anxiety. Therapy can also help people cope with Tourette syndrome. For debilitating tics that don't respond to other treatment, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may help. DBS consists of implanting a battery-operated medical device (neurostimulator) in the brain to deliver electrical stimulation to targeted areas that control movement. Further research is needed to determine whether DBS is beneficial for people with Tourette syndrome.[7]
FDA-Approved Treatments
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.
- aripiprazole(Brand name: Abilify) Manufactured by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of pediatric patients with Tourette's disorder.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Medline Plus Health Information
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
Associacion Sindrome de Tourette de Perú
Luisa Fernanda L. de Romana, Gen. Sec.
Las Golondrinas #390
Lima 27, PeruFax: + 51-1-224-7567
Perú -
International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
555 East Wells Street, Suite 1100
Milwaukee, WI 53202-3823
Telephone: +1-414-276-2145
Fax: +1-414-276-3349
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.movementdisorders.org/ -
Tourette Association of America
42-40 Bell Boulevard
Suite 205
Bayside, NY 11361-2820
Toll-free: 888-4-TOURET (486-8738)
Telephone: +1-718-224-2999
Fax: +1-718-279-9596
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.tourette.org/ -
Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada
#206, 194 Jarvis Street
Toronto, Ontario
M5B 2B7
Canada
Toll-free: 800-361-3120
Telephone: (416) 861-8398
Fax: (416) 861-2472
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.tourette.ca/
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Tourette syndrome. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) collects and disseminates research information related to neurological disorders. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Tourette syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Tourette syndrome. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). May 2013; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tourette-syndrome.
- Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). April 16, 2014; https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tourette/detail_tourette.htm.
- Mary Robertson. The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome Part 1: The epidemiological and prevalence studies. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. March 11, 2008;
- Campellone JV, Zieve D. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. MedlinePlus. February 20, 2014; https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000733.htm.
- What is Tourette Syndrome?. Tourette Association of America. 2010; https://www.tsa-usa.org/Medical/whatists.html. Accessed 3/6/2016.
- Paul Girolami. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Scientists Discover First Gene for Tourette Syndrome. January 31, 2007; https://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_articles/news_article_Tourette_gene_121505.htm.
- Tourette Syndrome: Treatment. Mayo Clinic. November 21, 2015; https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/treatment/txc-20163628.
- Frequently Asked Questions. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/about-gard/pages/31/frequently-asked-questions. Accessed 3/6/2016.
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